Implementation of sustainable policies in the Hotel industry : trend trap or new working vision from hotels?
Implementation of sustainable policies in the Hotel industry :
trend trap or new working vision from hotels?
SUMARY
Our current era is dominated by the concept of sustainable development; all human actions are undertaken with reference to this concept close to the heart of more and more people around the world: the politics of sustainability, sustainable development.
The tourism and the hospitality industries are no exception, the tourism sector is currently showing as promising sector in almost all countries of the world. So that today, the sector must refer to a whole new operating policy: the policy of sustainable development.
Indeed, the hospitality industry is the largest promoter of the tourism activities. And it is clear that they are not without effects on the environment, if we cite only global warming, the risk of depletion of the groundwater resources, issues related to Natural Resource Management, waste treatment, the destruction of the natural environment…
This damage is recognized as tourism continues to evolve today, hotels continue to welcome these tourists, who are becoming more numerous. In fact, the World Tourism Organization has suggested that in 2010 the number of tourists was 1 billion, a figure that will rise to 1.5 billion by 2020.
So that the damage will only increase, the introduction of a concept of sustainability in the hospitality industry is essential.
Also, nowadays, we often encounter the hotels that make commitments to sustainable development, the hotel is reinvented, but in a more sustainable manner.
These commitments are made in all areas of intervention of the hotel: the proposed eco-labeled products, staff training for the sustainable management of resources and facilities of the hotel, a system of recycling, participation in environmental actions, the rational use of water and energy, the effort to use renewable energy, educating tourists on environmental actions, the effort in obtaining ISO 14001 certification.
Much effort adopted by the hotels nowadays in order to comply with the new requirements of the international situation.
Indeed, it is recognized that the company is an entity that lives and that necessarily makes changes, which is not stable. Instability, transfer, integration of new visions, and adapting to the work environment are part of a company’s life.
So that all the elements that make up this company, which mainly operating procedures and visions must adapt to this change, so always keep the leading position in the global competitive market.
Knowing that the company is in our case the hospitality business.
Today, the hotel industry aims to be present in the global competitive market, and wants to win and retain customers, include the concept of sustainable development in its operating procedures.
But it is clear that such inclusion of the concept of sustainability in the hospitality industry will involve a radical change of the behaviors in all hotel players. But the real problem, which is the theme of this study, is whether this change in behavior, for durability, is it a reflection of a trend trap or appears as the new vision work in the hotel industry?
Indeed, the concept of sustainable development is « fashionable », so the question is: are there hotels that use it for a simple marketing strategy to attract customers, and they do not really work according to the principles that they state?
Three working hypotheses are established in order to guide reflection in this study:
-The hotel industry is the leading promoter of the tourism
-Sustainable Development addressed to tourism should also involve hotels, one of the tourism activities
-Sustainable development is a trend that should be the new vision of the hotel management actually.
Contact with hotel operators. 5
Chapter Two – Literature review.. 9
2.2 Sustainable development and sustainable tourism.. 10
2.2.1 Sustainability in the tourism industry. 10
2.3 Industry self-regulation Sustainable Business Practices. 14
2.3. Definition of sustainable business practices. 15
2.3.1 Attitudes towards sustainability. 15
2.3.2. Determining factors of attitudes. 16
2.4 Sustainable business practices in the accommodation sector. 18
2.4.1 Economic Dimension of sustainable business practices. 20
2.4.2 Socio-cultural Dimension of sustainable business practices. 21
2.4.3 Environmental Dimension of sustainable business practices. 21
2.5 Strategic implementation of sustainable business practices. 21
2.5.1 Benefits of the implementation of sustainable business practices. 22
Chapter Three – Background about tourism.. 26
. 4.3 Attitude measurement. 36
Chapter One – Introduction
. 1.1 Research background
documentary Compilation
The memory could not be developed without extensive research, including reading several documents explaining the principles on which rests the sustainable management of an industry, the hospitality industry face the concept of sustainable development, and effectiveness of the application of the principles of sustainable development within the hospitality industry.
These documents have been obtained by two main sources:
-Internet: e-books, and analytical reports are now available online on the internet. And especially the issue of sustainable development in the hospitality industry continues to know the extent even now, the internet sources are those most updated to base the analysis.
-Library: there are nevertheless bibliographic sources and works that are not available online for issue of protection of intellectual property, or because of the age of the book, then I am part of their research in libraries where I was able to meet with many interesting books that explicitly dealt with the issue of sustainable development in the hospitality industry.
Contact with hotel operators
-The contributions of direct contacts
Certainly, after the documentary compilations, I’ve acquired some knowledge, and I understand how to integrate sustainable development in the hospitality industry.
But this knowledge could be improved in contact with real hotel operators.
I then realized that the readings and documentary research will give us visions of purely theoretical analysis, but the practical realities cannot be seen by direct contact with people who work in the field.
Also, the theoretical knowledge and practical realities associated with the specifics in statements by interviewees are the basis for the development of this thesis.
And with such a method of research, I think I have developed a memory tracing the theoretical principles, taking into account the practical realities faced by the hotel industry in welcoming the new concept of sustainable development.
-The type of interview was chosen semi-directive interview.
The semi-structured interview was specially chosen among many other research methodologies because it collects qualitative results, while putting the interviewee in the possibility of developing and guiding his assertions, thanks to freedom action that is offered during the interview.
This is because unlike the structured interview, semi-structured interview does not lock the speech of the interviewee in predefined questions, or in a closed environment.
The questionnaires were not worded closed to achieve a certain freedom of expression and reflection in the interviewee. So that more information about Singapore and investment opportunities have been collected during these interviews.
During these interviews, I found that it was an important and interesting time for preparing a service that defined the main outline discussion guide, an outline of the topic could thus be integrated in the discourse over the interviewee. The interview in a semi structured interview is more lively and authentic statements.
Concerning the conduct of the interview, the semi-structured interview will begin by the standards of unstructured interviews. It will give the interviewee a set point more or less vague, without specifying the expected response.
Thus the interviewee presents its ideas on the basis of the set point by following its own logic and its own reasoning. This will be only at the end of the first exhibition of ideas that opinions of the interviewee are reformulated to form the desired response.
. 1.2 Aims and objectives
The study of this subject has as main focus the attention of the adaptation of the hospitality industry to the sustainable management level.
Indeed, tourism is still present now as a growing sector, despite the crisis in all other industries worldwide. Given the magnitude of this growth, the hospitality industry must necessarily sustainable. The challenge is far, certainly, but the need is already recognized.
The development of the tourism sector provides significant benefits to the economy. But aside from these benefits, the negative effects are also increasingly considered: CO2 emissions, water consumption and energy waste. Many negative effects that is clearly harmful to the environment.
And all married to a sharp increase in the number of tourists over the years.
These findings justify the implementation of this study. The latter focused on the hospitality industry, centerpiece of the promotion of tourism.
Also, within this context, the goals and purposes of this study are threefold:
-Give a deeper and clearer approach to the two concepts of sustainable development and sustainable tourism
-Perform a transposition of the sustainable development and the sustainable tourism accommodation in the hotel industry
-Follow up of the implementation and determine the practical realities of the implementation of sustainable development in the hospitality industry.
. 1.3 Structure of the study
To better analyze the subject, the reflexion will be directed to four main points, plus the first part devoted to the theoretical study and presentation of the subject.
The second chapter is dedicated to the exhibition of the reflections in the form of a literature review. Will be developed in this part the conceptual approach of the sustainable development and the sustainable tourism, and the question of the application of these concepts in the hospitality industry.
The third chapter will serve as a Background about tourism.
Chapter Four trace collection methodologies and data analysis, which allowed the realization of this thesis.
And the last chapter will set out the results of the different analyzes and interviews, as well as the conclusion of the study.
Chapter Two – Literature review
2.1 Introduction
In a few years, the concept of sustainable development become on the center of the international news and debates.
This is a concept that is known to all, and meet both social, economic and environmental challenges.
Social issues consist in the education of all citizens to the preservation of environmental resources by adopting behaviors rational use of resources. The environmental issue, which is certainly the basis of all other issues, is to ensure the rational use of natural resources to ensure the sustainability of theù for future generations.
Sustainable development has this objective to convince all nations and the economic actors to reason « sustainable », not only in the management of the environment, but also in the business management.
So that, in the field of hospitality and accommodation, sustainable development is an interesting concept because it offers an opportunity to raise awareness on two levels: the tourists and the tourist accommodation establishments.
What makes the concept interested nowadays more and more persons involved in tourism. It concerns more of accommodations and tourists.
Indeed, the inclusion of the concept of sustainable development in the tourism business was indispensable after the analysis of the effects of human activities on the environment, which reached their highest point in 80 years, if we cite as global warming, the risk of depletion of ground resources ….
The best arrangement is to be aware of all tourism stakeholders of the effects of non-ecological interactions with nature, and thus learn how to preserve the environment, the main humanitarian wealth.
This is because it was found that the damage to this nature are not negligible and in most cases irreversible, and that the main damage was perpetrated by tourists.
Thus, the tourism sector is a key element in the development of environmental protection, because it is the first area that operates the environment.
And it is also clear that, if all the news these days prefer the protection of the environment, it is because the tourism industry is a pillar of economic development of a country, so that the question of sustainability is in the center of all interests.
Also, the rational and sustainable use of natural resources involves development of a region, job creation and infrastructure against part of the resource in this region.
And it is certain that the achievement of these missions will affect the economy of the region, and a larger scale of the whole economy, in addition to environmental impacts that are already evident.
Also, the rallying of sustainable tourism development, to translate the term sustainable tourism is a necessity that is currently required.
2.2 Sustainable development and sustainable tourism
The implementation of sustainable development has spread across all sectors, including in the tourism sector. This implementation of sustainable development in the tourism sector resulting in the advent of the concept of « sustainable tourism », which is the most common form of ecotourism.
2.2.1 Sustainability in the tourism industry
- The tourism industry, a sector in search of sustainability
In the past, tourism was considered as a luxury, a large part of the population does not have the access and the tourism was restricted to well-defined categories of persons, namely the « privileged aristocracy, » a minority who had a high status office.
The purpose of the journey of these categories of people is able to contemplate the beauty and richness of nature. And as tourism was still considered a luxury not available to all social statuses, the necessary real tourism infrastructure were still absent at the time.
But from the mid-twentieth century, it was found that tourism has gradually democratized and that democratization will mark the profound break with the old way of tourism is the aristocratic tourism.
Mass tourism will make a spectacular appearance, and will now be accessible to everyone, to all social classes) all social classes … without exception.
Also, this change in tourism face will make its spread will be linked to an idea of wealth and consumption. Several infrastructures, many types of businesses will emerge, all contributing to the real sector development.
Tourism will be a source of entertainment for the masses. And millions of people are then parties to the discovery of this new hobby that once was their still inaccessible.
According to the World Health Organization figures, 898 million people traveled outside their country in 2007 for tourism.
This leads to say that currently, tourism, saw a good eye, became a sector that contributes positively and effectively to the development of a country.
By the advent of tourists, exchange of culture, economy are possible, so that the development of a country is conditioned by the number of tourists visiting the inhabitants of other countries. So that tourism will contribute positively to social development.
And considered as an economic perspective, tourism is a centerpiece of the development part of a country, the figures speak for themselves: Tourism alone provides 12% of global GDP and 8% of employment.
But the advent of mass tourism will not always be positive.
It fact, following the spread of the mass tourism, and therefore the attendance of several individuals in the same place, critics charged to tourists will gradually appear, they will be first described as « no modern pilgrims Faith anime « (expression of the sociologist Jean-Didier Urbain), followed by other complaints and comments, all negative as each other. But why such criticism?
Indeed, the mass tourism was seen a disrespectful of the environment, local people, and therefore despise the cultural, economic and environmental values of a country.
« Excesses of tourism » quickly appeared by the global spread of mass tourism, and the need for reform of a new type of holiday has naturally imposed.
The recognition of environmental, economic, and cultural degradation, related to the significant increase of mass tourism everyone gained an increase awareness on the need for integration of sustainability into all tourist activities.
Indeed, the development of the mass tourism has made contributions to the development of a country, if it only refers to foreign exchange earnings, job creation, innovation in terms of infrastructure, but it has been found, however, these positive aspects do not weigh heavier than damage arising from such mass tourism.
It may be cited among these damage issues related to Natural Resource Management the waste treatment, the destruction of natural habitats …
This damage is recognized as mass tourism continues to evolve today, which in this case will involve a corollary development of these types of degradation.
In fact, the World Tourism Organization has suggested that in 2010 the number of tourists mass was 1 billion, a figure that will rise to 1.5 billion by 2020.
So it should now establish a new type of tourism that can minimize the damage, while trying not to jeopardize the welfare contributions and discovery that can provide any type of tourism in general.
- The application of the formula for sustainability in the tourism industry
The establishment of a new type of tourism that coincides with the new way of thinking « sustainable » was very quickly necessary due to the recognition in recent years, the environmental destruction associated with the exercise of this activity.
A collective consciousness has arisen as to reflect on the disadvantages of mass tourism on the environment vis-à-vis the new concept of sustainable development.
It is precisely in this sense that were born different types of « alternative tourisms », all of which take into account the principles forming the backbone of the concept of sustainable development. This is the concept of « sustainable tourism ».
Indeed, sustainable tourism is primarily oriented toward the discovery of nature essentially and discovery does not stop at this level.
This is because once the landscape, flora and fauna well traveled, supporters of sustainable tourism interpret them, study them, and then proceed to educate the surrounding community about the issue of preservation, where the concept sustainable development: sustainable use of resources by their knowledge and the ability to control their use, guidance on the use of resources to the long-term development.
Also three elements underlying the specificity of an ecotourism trip or a sustainable tourism: environmental discovery, educating local people and encouraging conservation action for biodiversity.
Therefore is sustainable tourism the type of tourism that contributes to both economic, social, cultural and economic development of a region or country, and its inhabitants.
According to these principles, the World Tourism Organization defines the sustainable tourism as:
« Any form of development, tourism development or activity that meets or preserves long-term natural, cultural and social resources and contributes positively to economic development and equitable manner and to the development of individuals who live, work or stay in the spaces »
And it is clear that several types of tourism have been developed to meet these objectives of sustainable tourism including the green tourism, the nature tourism, the ecotourism, the responsible tourism, the tourism fair, etc. ..
And despite the plurality of types of tourism, it is found that ecotourism is the one that meets the concepts of sustainable development.
According to Hector Ceballos-Lascurain, the Ecotourism, ecotourism, the best known form of sustainable tourism is defined as:
« A form of tourism that involves visiting relatively intact and undisturbed natural areas, in order to study and admire the scenery and wild plants and animals it houses, as well as any cultural event (past and present) observed in these areas »
2.3 Industry self-regulation Sustainable Business Practices
The self regulation of the sustainability consists in the fact that everyone adopts the behavior it deems necessary to preserve the environment, and in this context, everyone will have to make the practices he judges necessary.
This is because the issue of sustainability is not a legal requirement, but an environmental necessity. And in this context, each person knows his own limitations, the efforts that should be undertaken, the goals he can achieve.
In other words, each regulates itself practices to coincide with the objectives of sustainability.
In 2004, the Committee on Sustainable Tourism Development of the World Tourism Organization (WTO) has expressed the principles of sustainable tourism by announcing that:
« The principles of sustainable development and practices of sustainable tourism management principles are applicable to all forms of tourism in all types of destinations, including mass tourism and the various niche tourism segments. Sustainability principles refer to the environmental, economic and socio-cultural tourism development. To ensure long-term sustainability of the latter, we must strike the right balance between these three aspects. «
Also, by this definition, all behaviors, and practices that are concerned with the development of three components: the environment, society, culture and economy, will be absorbed in sustainability practices.
Everyone is called to judge for itself whether its practices are sustainable or not, it is the principle of self-regulation of sustainable practices.
2.3. Definition of sustainable business practices
In this section, the question is to consider what is the position taken by the players in the hospitality sector in compliance with standards of sustainable development, and what are the main determinants of these attitudes.
2.3.1 Attitudes towards sustainability
It must be noted that in the context of the integration of the concept of sustainable development in the tourism sector, various attitudes are generally adopted by the actors in the field of tourism, including tourist accommodation establishments.
- The proposal and the promotion of new forms of sustainable tourism:
Following the awareness of accommodations that unsustainable tourism is an activity which causes a lot of damage to the environment, new forms of tourism, which are more sustainable, were implemented.
In fact, if the unsustainable tourism, that is to say mass tourism continues, it will lead to the destruction of all forms of tourism, for environmental reasons.
So that the accommodations will lose their objectives. This is why these institutions act for the establishment of sustainable tourism for all, and do their best to bring their share of bricks in advertising and disclosure of these new forms of sustainable tourism.
- Education tourists to sustainability:
So that the various principles that are attached sustainable tourism are actually made, it is necessary that tourism stakeholders know the use and apply.
Thus tourists and local people are educated by the accommodation facilities for the preservation of the environment.
Recognizing these different attitudes of accommodations, all going in the direction of promoting sustainable tourism, it is true that the question of the establishment, even on a global scale, ecotourism is real, and is on the way of effectiveness.
Also, it is found that the concept has already been achieved, but at the application level, and its enforcement that the process should be driven by professional, even if it does not prevent the issue of the establishment of a tourism that respects the principles of sustainability is not real.
2.3.2. Determining factors of attitudes
Why do the professional hosting adopt this attitude?
In order to answer this question, two possibilities may be issued, or that the tourism stakeholders are actually aware of the environmental issues of tourism activities, or they just want to develop their business and be in fashion with the concept of sustainable development.
In other words, the biggest problem that now arises is to detect if sustainable tourism is actually a way of protecting the environment and is disclosed in a sustainable development approach, or is only mentioned as a pretext in order to achieve public sensitivity and generate more profits. Given that the issue of sustainability is a question that more and more tourists are sensitive.
But it is clear that the question can be: knowing the benefits it sustainable tourism, accommodation establishment disclose the sustainable development strategies of marketing.
- Knowledge of the various benefits of sustainable tourism
Tourism is an activity that contributes most to environmental degradation, while it is the activity that generates the most revenue for accommodation establishments. Thus the latter wanting sustain tourism activities, advocating sustainability.
Indeed, the preservation of the environment when tourism is likely to generate many benefits for accommodation establishments
-The environmental benefits: conservation areas and surrounding natural areas, it is the wealth of the place that attract tourists, major customers of accommodation facilities
-The economic and social benefits: sustainable tourism necessarily means job creation, infrastructure development, wholesale economic development of the Region. The accommodations have real interest in promoting economic developments such as a large region economically more valuable for tourists and attracts more, which will run all the activities of these centers.
-Social benefits: sustainable tourism development takes into account both economic and socio-cultural populations in the region. Local people, satisfied with such contributions to sustainable tourism on their lifestyle, contribute positively to welcome tourists. Which is in the interests of accommodation facilities, as tourists will develop healthy relationships with local people, and will be loyal in this harmonious relationship.
- The desire to use the marketing concept of sustainability
It also has to specify another determinant « sustainable attitudes » shelters is the desire for normalization of their marketing actions.
-A strategy for response to growing demands and aspirations of present tourists
The quality of services and especially respect for the environment. Also, acting in the context of respect for the environment, the accommodation facility attracts more and more customers, and acts in the direction of increasing its revenues.
-marketing differentiation strategy to compete
Some accommodations are dynamic in the development of sustainable tourism as it is for them a strategy of differentiation compared to other accommodations. The issue of sustainability is thus used as a policy of differentiation for some accommodations.
-The preservation of the corporate image
In many cases, the accommodations evoke the use of sustainability in order to maintain their brand image, especially toward the customers, engine development.
-The expansion of the network partnership
In general, companies, entities or institutions that comply with the standards and principles of sustainable development are often integrated and supported by organizations of international repute. Thus many accommodation establishments adopt sustainable attitudes in order to be recognized by these organizations and thus develop a wide network and a global scale.
Also, by this analysis, it was found that the inclusion of sustainability in tourism brings significant benefits to all tourism stakeholders, including mainly the accommodation establishments.
Thus the concept of sustainability can be effectively used as a marketing strategy. However, the environmental commitments in these marketing strategies must be of a certain sincerity, so they do not remain mere showcases for corporate image, but real commitments toward the environment, the benefits associated with its use are sustained.
2.4 Sustainable business practices in the accommodation sector
The adoption of sustainable business practices is now a necessity that is required for all companies without exception.
Indeed, the world and the mentality of yesterday are no longer similar to those of today, the environment is degraded, and the environmental awareness of everyone is awake.
So it is time for companies to make changes in the management of their affairs. The world is facing a « green ».
And it is clear that companies in the field of accommodation, are closely concerned with the reform in the management of affairs, given that the sector is closely related with the tourism sector, the sector seen as primarily responsible for environmental degradation.
Also, the image of the shelters is at stake if the adoption of such sustainable business practices is not effective.
And this is reflected directly on the bottom line: it is found that institutions which have integrated sustainable development have better results than the other institutions that have not adopted the sustainable development. Public regard to sustainable development is more and more pronounced.
But realistically, what should be these sustainable business practices?
First, the area of intervention sustainable business practices is multiple, the issue of sustainability should indeed intervene in the chain of development of shelters.
Since the introduction of the institution, through the reception of tourists conditions and lifestyles in adopted must reflect this commitment to sustainability issues.
This allows the development of the « brand » and reputation of the company, and allows it to position itself more strategically in relation to its competitors, customers and even employees.
These sustainable business practices include:
- The acquisition of certifications in the field of quality management (ISO 9001), environment (ISO 14001) and safety (OHSAS 18001)
The shelter can take advantage of all these certificates from internal partners (shareholders, employees) and external ones (international organizations involved in environmental protection, donors, investors, customers, tourists … ).
In addition, these certificates are both official pledges and a first step towards the commitment of shelter to standards of sustainable development.
- Reducing environmental consumption
Nowadays, there are many « green hotels », those who operate on strict ecological principles, including the reduction of environmental consumption.
In this context, it is noted for example that:
-Restaurants of these hotels offer only « seasonal menus, » which already enters the will of wildlife conservation, and why not the flora conservation too.
-Reduction of the area of swimming pools, wastewater recycling (reducing water consumption)
-Use of renewable energy (wind, solar, what goes in the fight against the depletion of underground resources, such as oil)
-Use of selected materials for greener buildings in the same building construction
-The purchase of local products, which have short circuits: it contributes to the minimization of energy costs of transport in the importation of the products.
Many « little things » that found all their interests in the operation of the shelter.
So, in summary, in the context of promoting sustainable business practices, it is found a radical break with past practices and the conventional tourism, the following summary table shows some examples.
And it is clear that this is indeed the behaviors that must create shelters with their tourists.
And as part of this adoption of sustainable business practices, the latter part on three dimensions: economic, social, cultural and environmental.
2.4.1 Economic Dimension of sustainable business practices
Seen from an economic perspective, sustainable practices advocated and promoted by shelters allow:
- A development of the hospitality industry
Indeed, it is clear that at present, the hotel industry is likely to be challenged by a new emerging practice: the « homestay ».
This system is, as its name suggests, to host tourists directly from the people, without going through the official shelters. This is a new practice that tends to develop after the extension of the concept of sustainable development.
Thus, by this practice, tourism is more sustainable because: the economic benefits of tourism will directly benefit the people, without intermediaries, and it also allows, on the other hand, cooperation and cultural exchanges between local people and tourists .
So that shelters must react in time to not be competing in this new practice, claiming that they are also fully integrated into the concept of sustainability.
- An economic development of the Region
Now, the implementation of the sustainable development of tourism revenue farms will have direct impacts on local and regional populations in question.
And this particularly through job creation (the effective participation of local people in tourism activities), improved infrastructure (which contribute to the opening of trade with other regions, the first condition for economic development).
- A tourism development
If the tourism sector, including the hospitality industry, starting point for tourism, adopt sustainable behavior would improve its image and reputation toward tourists and customers. And as it is these that are the basis of turnover, the sector will be developed.
2.4.2 Socio-cultural Dimension of sustainable business practices
According to the principles of sustainable development in the hospitality industry, the direct contact between tourists and local people should be encouraged. And it is certain that such direct contact facilitate the integration of tourist practices of local people and vice versa.
Also, this contact will promote cultural exchanges and mutual support between the two populations.
2.4.3 Environmental Dimension of sustainable business practices
Sustainable business practices have a significant environmental dimension:
-A natural Resource Economics
-A means of protecting wildlife and flora
-A minimization of environmental degradation in the tourism sector
2.5 Strategic implementation of sustainable business practices
The concept of sustainable development is very interesting and advantageous in many points. This strongly motivates companies to implement. But it is clear that at present, this implementation still faces major obstacles.
2.5.1 Benefits of the implementation of sustainable business practices
2.5.1.1 Cost reduction
A considerable cost reduction is observed following the implementation of sustainable business practices.
For example, large luxurious hotels are actually replaced by small ecological shelters as well, great restaurants have given way to smaller centers of local restaurants. It only goes in the direction of reducing the cost of investment in the hospitality industry.
And it is clear that operating costs have been significantly reduced. The system of energy saving, the use of renewable energies (instead of electricity for example) subjugate the hospitality industry more costly monthly charges, only installations require investment operation is then completely free.
2.5.1.2 Public relations
It must be noted that the concept of sustainable development is an effective business strategy, this because it allows:
- Contribute positively to advertise a brand, a product of the company
- Attracting public attention (because the concept of sustainable development is a concept which relates more people)
- Develop awareness
- Obtain press coverage (since certifications, environmental commitments hotels are often broadcast spectrum in the press)
Also, supporting the promotion of sustainability, the hotel industry has maintained its public relations.
2.5.1.3 Employee satisfaction
Employees will also find more comfortable in working in a dynamic field which is in adequation with the new environmental contexts.
2.5.1.4 Consumer demand
It is certain that consumer demand is increasingly oriented to sustainable industry, the fact that all media information sensitize them on the effects of conventional tourism on the environment, and risks linked to such environmental degradation.
So that sustainable business practices hotels meet these new demands.
2.5.2 Barriers to the implementation of sustainable business practices
Although the benefits of sustainable use of the hotel industry are some of the effective implementation of the sustainable use is not free of obstacles related to cost, complexity of design, information and support.
2.5.2.1 Costs
It is certain that the use of an ecological hotel industry is not expensive, but the cost disadvantages discussed here concern the reform of the entire shelter.
Indeed, the concepts and basic principles of mass tourism and sustainable tourism are diametrically opposed, so that change in the method of operation to be sustainable, needs total reform of the investments that have already been made.
2.5.2.2 Complexity of concept
Indeed, several definitions associated with sustainable development,
According to Camerini:
« The concept of sustainable development cannot be conceived simply as a balance between the ecological system and the economic system as it is quite unnecessary to meet the needs of nature and forget the needs of human beings. The concept of sustainable development is from this point of view an anthropocentric notion that renews the relationship between Man and Time, by deploying its effects on the future and limiting the importance of this. « (Camerini (C.) The epistemological foundations of sustainable development between physics, philosophy and ethics, ed. L’Harmattan, 2003.)
According to Guy Loinger :
« Sustainable development is a thought of the interface between systems and a strong interface. Both fields between the three spheres of the basic concept of sustainable development (Author’s note: environmental, economic and social) but also and especially in terms of linking these concepts in terms of social logics, institutional systems and policies, and organizational systems, and that through the logic of the time on one hand, and the logical space of the other. Where did this idea, that this concept is the practical form in the sense of praxis, complex thought. Sustainable development is the implementation of complex thought. » (Loinger (G.), « Lessons from recent experiences of territorialized indicators of sustainable development in the field of local governance » in the dynamics of the assessment against sustainable development, Limoges, 2003, ed. L’Harmattan 2004)
In addition another definition arises, that:
« Sustainable development is a specific process of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. » (Author’s note: Bruntlnad Report, 1987)
These three definitions are in effect as illustrations of many definitions, in which many people illustrate their views.
This multiplicity of definitions that the concept of sustainable development is a complex concept, as different interpretations arise from these definitions and interpretations that are not always convergent and hotel operators to expose a major challenge for the implementation of the concept.
2.5.2.3 Information and support
It must also be noted that in some cases it is not the will that is lacking in the hotel, but the information. They are often poorly educated and poorly informed about the contribution of sustainable industry.
And if they are informed, then the state support is lacking, knowing that the reforms required by the implementation of a sustainable industry are costly.
2.6 Conclusion
Recently, the arrival of the new form of tourism, replacing the aristocratic form, has made remarkable: mass tourism. Mass tourism which has contributed to damage the environment.
And following the recognition of the environmental damage, the collective consciousness is awakened, where the implementation of sustainable tourism, the new form of tourism that unites nature discovery, preservation of the environment and civic education to such preservation.
A new concept of tourism, resulting in new, more protective visions of nature, which theoretically all the possibilities of success, although it is still under development in the hospitality industry, and its effective implementation is still in progress.
Indeed, currently, it is found that the terms « sustainable » and « green » are more and more mentioned by companies in their marketing plan and the level of communication with consumers, and the tourism sector does not make an exception.
This new marketing strategy is used in two well-defined levels in the attraction phase of customers, and the phase of their loyalty.
For the hospitality industry, communication with customers is the first step in their activities, and is the principal, so that should not be neglected.
The first phase of this non negligence lies in the fact adapt to the changing communications ideas and customs in society. And as now is the sustainable development that makes a list of the positive opinions, hotel companies rely on ecotourism in all their communications.
The advantage of the use of the term in « fashion » is to convey a communication easily understood by customers, and captures their attention and sensitivity.
But in the context of this use sustainable development as an argument of communication, hotel companies must remain cautious because different analyzes professionals have all demonstrated that this is a topic that touches the more sensitive customers, so that should not be abusing their credulity. Ethical standards must first be highlighted.
Chapter Three – Background about tourism
. 3.1 Introduction
From the mid-twentieth century, it was found that tourism has gradually democratized, and that with the advent of mass tourism. More and more people are interested in this new type of business, now available to all social classes.
Also, this ease of access tourism will make its spread will be linked to an idea of wealth and consumption. Several infrastructures, many types of businesses will emerge, all contributing to the real sector development.
Tourism will be a source of entertainment for the masses. And millions of people are then parties to the discovery of this new hobby that once was their still inaccessible. According advanced by the World Health Organization figures, 898 million people traveled outside their country in 2007 for tourism.
A hobby that reveals a great economic importance and helped the actual development of the hospitality industry, and has led the world to take initiatives for sustainable business practices.
. 3.2 Economic importance
Force is to identify with the ever-increasing number of tourists, the tourism sector has become a sector that contributes positively and effectively to the development of a country.
By the advent of tourists, exchange of culture, economy are possible, so that the development of a country is conditioned by the number of tourists visiting the inhabitants of other countries.
Indeed, seen from an economic perspective, tourism is a centerpiece of the development part of a country, the figures speak for themselves: the global tourism alone accounts for 12% of global GDP and 8% of employment.
And WTO or World Tourist found this economic importance of tourism in the year 2007, stating that:
« Tourism has become one of the main items of trade. Today, international tourism is the fourth largest source of export revenue after oil, chemical and automotive industry. « (Tourism Highlights -. 2008 Edition, World Tourism Organization)
In the case of France, below are some key figures which explain the economic importance of tourism in the country (source: DGCIS key tourism figures, 2012 Edition)
- Tourism accounts for over 7% of GDP in 2010.
- The destination France retains the world leader in 2011, with more than 81 million international tourist arrivals, and the third largest in terms of revenue (€ 39.2 billion).
- The rate of departure of French travel is 75.9% in 2011. They realized 203.6 million trips for personal reasons, 89% in France.
This considerable economic importance of tourism, not only in France but in all countries of the world, led to the global commitment to sustain this activity, as sustainability is only possible through the development of sustainable tourism.
. 3.3 Accommodation industry
On the economic health of the lodging industry, in the case of France, KPMG has prepared a report in 2011 in which he says:
« With the effects of the economic crisis and the decline in foreign visitors, the various hotel segments experienced a decline of 1.7 to 5.9 percentage points in occupancy rates in 2009. The year 2010 heralds a recovery in two « soft » in the first half, the hotel has been a resumption of its activities from the summer to register it one end of December 2010 point occupancy, all categories. The hotels 4/5 Stars were the drivers of this recovery, with 5.5 points reviving business customers individual, residential seminars and foreign customers. »
Also, for all the global hotel industry, the 2007 crisis has greatly affected their sales, people in crisis do not have the means to make tourism. But from 2010, a recovery in activity is felt.
For example, the following graph shows the changing of attendance hotels by tourists
(source: result of the INSEE survey on attendance at commercial accommodation in 2011)
. 3.4 International Tourism policy
It must be noted that the policies of the International Tourism reflect the global phenomenon of « tourist globalization »
- The context of tourism globalization framework in developing the international tourism policies
The term globalization of tourism is born from the observation of two main facts.
The first observation is that the tourists reached in such a short time, the most overlooked areas of the world in ancient history, if we cite only Greenland, the highlands of the Himalayas can be seen … as well as tourism is increasingly globalized, that is to say, to focus the world’s most remote areas of discovery.
The second observation that justifies the appearance of the term tourist globalization is that communications relating to tourism are developed at an international level, that is to say that the content of these communications are sent to all global citizens, which led to say that tourism is being globalized.
Various consequences flow from this tourist globalization
-Tourist-Globalization and the need for creation of reception facilities for tourists: its impact on the environment
The integration of the peoples of the world in the tourism required the reform of the infrastructure available so that they can accommodate large number of tourists whose number continues to increase, especially in the wake of globalization.
The new facilities are built and such airports can accommodate the new tourists. And note that such constructions are often made on reef flats, lagoons sheltered environments that were full of natural resources that have been eliminated by the need to put in place new infrastructure.
This leads to the conclusion that the effort to adapt infrastructure to the phenomenon of globalization, tourism generates serious environmental consequences, essentially, the deformation of the natural landscape, and the elimination of certain natural species.
-Tourist-Globalization: source worsening pollution problems
Due to the globalization of tourism, a well-defined area can be inhabited by many tourists for a specified period (especially in high season), so that the pollution management becomes a big issue that should be addressed: returning waste quantity, the discharge of sewage and waste treatment system often does not meet the standards.
Thus, because of the globalization of tourism, the problem of pollution, mainly due to the concentration of people in one place, creating serious pollution problems, especially in developing countries that have no technical and financial resources related to waste treatment.
-Globalization and tourism-birth of new practices which endanger the environment
It was found that due to globalization tourism, tourism activities have significantly increased, particularly the collection of marine organisms such as shellfish, scuba destructive marine underwater landscape, which are examples of best practices among many others who tend to develop now, and all of which are harmful to the environment.
-Tourist-Globalization: lack of environmental regulations, taking environmental destruction
Two possibilities may arise on the issue of regulation of environmental activities. Either the regulatory texts exist but are not actually applied, or they do not exist. While at the growth of tourism and the globalization of human activities on the environment must necessarily be regulated and framed by legal texts, the risk of abuse reach harmful to the environment.
Also, the most noted especially in developing countries is such that the environmental impact studies are imposed and increasingly became mandatory under the Act, then once done, it is often found that the commitments contained in those studies are not even respected by tourists. There are even cases where tourism activities are carried out without even making these environmental impact studies.
- International policies taken into account the adverse effects of the tourism globalization on the environment
-Tourist-Globalization and the need to increase protected areas
In fact, it was found that the growth of tourism, the creation of protected areas has become a necessity, because of two main reasons.
The first reason is that the discovery of the beauty and richness of nature was born a desire to preserve as motivated by the desire to sustain tourism. Both wills were awakened by scientists and environmental groups, which tend to multiply.
The second reason is that the development of tourism has been teaching « professional tourists » as protected areas, natural areas, are those most interesting to discover when traveling.
It is clear that the emergence of this new practice, which is the creation of protected areas, will certainly allow a global collective consciousness on the need to protect biodiversity, and will also allow the richest regions ‘world view its ecological potential. This only goes in the direction of the real development of tourism development that will be long term.
-Tourist-Globalization and the need to raise awareness of environmental protection
It was found that most tourism has developed more countries tourist destinations have tapped into the system awareness perpetuation of such activity.
Having reaped the benefits of visiting their sites and places responsible tourism activities in many countries have been aware that the wealth of the premises must be maintained, used sustainably so they can engage and attract people.
Before the development of tourism, the problem of maintaining sites for example, has never been raised. But after the tourist globalization, competition between sites in different countries has grown dramatically, and this has aroused the spirit of service, to preserve his wealth, would do to stand out from other and attract tourists. The tourism industry is considered an economically and socially viable activity.
This is due to the development of tourism that were born early forms of citizen awareness of environmental protection, maintenance of biodiversity and the sustainable management of natural resources.
. 3.5 Initiatives towards sustainable business practices
. 3.5.1 Sustainable development in European politics
- Condition of sustainable development and sustainable tourism
It must be noted that this is not really the concept of sustainable tourism is new in Europe, but its use.
Indeed, the year 2002 was declared the International Year of Ecotourism, which have aroused the curiosity of all the followers of the environmental protection in the world, and a year that allow the development of new concept in Europe. In addition, it was also noted that France has responded at the World Ecotourism Summit held in Quebec City in 2002.
These are all opportunities globally, which should arouse Europe in the adoption of the concept and its integration into current practical terms.
It has been found that, at the summit in Quebec, as France held the presentation of the « Charter of good practices of ecotourism », which should relate the ethical commitments of all stakeholders of ecotourism.
While these actions seem timid, compared to still major challenges that need to be made by the country, are trademarks of their first integration concept of sustainable tourism. The first steps that embody the hope of a better future for sustainable tourism in Europe.
- Challenges
In order to achieve this positive result, which is the country’s integration with the concept of ecotourism, Europe still has major challenges.
-The need to establish a budget for the reform
Indeed, progress towards sustainable tourism and the rejection of the principles of mass tourism requires the deployment of certain costs. The reconquest of the customers is the first step in this process. The hotel industry, with the support of the government and environmental NGOs should initiate actions that can attract the public and convince them to adopt new, more ecological tourist behavior. Infrastructure available in the country must be prepared to accommodate the application of the new rule, hosting systems must be labeled, if we cite a few examples.
-The need for restructuring offers eco tourists
Europe is one of the few countries that has lots of offers for sustainable tourism, whether in protected natural areas, in rural areas.
Indeed, Europe, mainly France, currently draws the strength of its tourism in buildings long which were later rehabilitated and redeveloped to become instruments of tourism: hotels, famous restaurants in the valuation of French productions … All this to say that Europe is full of natural and cultural resources that all tourists in the world would one day discover.
Faced with this enormous wealth, the country has features environmental protection, education and citizen protection.
All this to say that the country has all the resources needed to implement sustainable tourism. But to make this possible, it is necessary that these means are restructured to allow engagement of travelers.
The first force restructuring is to make the country’s wealth will only meet the economic challenges of tourism, but also take into account environmental criteria. This requires awareness of professionals involved in tourism.
The second restructuring is the diffusion spectrum offers European sustainable tourism, so they are visible in catalogs presented internationally.
Once the restructuring implemented, Europe has all the chances of developing sustainable tourism, and thus make a reform in the present conventional tourism.
. 3.5.2 Support for sustainable business practices
- The financial support
Tourism currently appears in many countries as a national priority.
This is the reason for state intervention in the tourism sector, to provide financial support to needy industries in the development and promotion of sustainable tourism.
The financial support is usually manifested by tax benefits or tax exemptions for companies operating in the tourism sector.
- Legal support
To achieve the objectives of sustainable development, tools are available to the various stakeholders in the tourism sector.
These tools perform, first, a reference function. Indeed, the presence of these tools, the various ecotourism stakeholders have standards and generally accepted principles, to which they can refer. These tools and the guide in the adoption of appropriate sustainable behavior in the tourism sector.
Then, these tools are both communication media. Indeed, it must be noted that sustainable tourism has an educational component, and in this framework, educators will inevitably need course materials, so they can effectively communicate the principles of sustainable tourism for residents and tourists, the presence of these tools and provide support and said educations arguments.
The different tools are:
- The Charters:
A charter can be defined as the realization of shared values in any organization, and to trace the guidelines of each actor in the context of achieving a common vision aims. A charter, to be valid, must respect the general principles of public order and good morals in the country concerned, and must not be contrary to the laws and regulations applicable in the country.
Globally and within the tourism level, the following charters were established:
– Global Charter for Sustainable Tourism;
– The Charter of Ethics for Tourism in France;
– The ethical charter of the traveler;
– The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas
- The Codes
The codes have almost the same functions as the charters, but they are mandatory and regulatory application. One can cite among other codes of conduct in travel, the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism …
- The Agenda 21:
In 1992 took place in Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, and at the summit was officially proclaimed Action Agenda 21 or 21. The purpose of this statement is to enumerate principles which must be followed by all sectors, including tourism, in order to comply with the standards and principles of sustainable development.
. 3.5.3 European Eco-label
Established in 1992, the EU Eco-label is the only official European eco-label used in all member countries of the European Union.
The agency responsible for issuing the European Ecolabel in France is the AFNOR Certification, which is an independent certifying institution. This is a voluntary certification mark for the products and the services. The Ecolabel is obtained following a specific request of the companies.
The European Ecolabel was formally established by Regulation (EEC) No 880/92 of 23 March 1992 published in the Official Journal on 11 April 1992. Community rules in force today is Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 of 25 November 2009. It shall apply from 20 February 2010.
For the particular accommodation sector, the European Ecolabel Tourist Accommodation Service was established in 2003.
And hotels that get the label to undertake the following obligations:
« – Low energy consumption
– Low water consumption
– Low waste
– Use of renewable energy sources and less harmful to the environment
– Communication and client education on the environment. « (Source: http://www.ecolabels.fr)
. 3.6 Conclusion
Biodiversity, flora and fauna species that filled the country are all part of its natural resources, and thus integrates its rich heritage. Each country possesses and manages the resources available to it in its territory, but even if these resources are distributed throughout the world, one cannot deny that they are all part of what is called « common heritage of Humanity « , the rational management is the responsibility of the overall holder: humanity.
In other words, if endemic species have to disappear, it is all the humanity who will suffer, that’s why the ecotourism has been set instead. This is the awakening of the collective consciousness in the protection of world heritage.
This is why all sensitization are performed on a global scale.
. Chapter Four – Methodology
. 4.1 Introduction
Certainly, after the documentary compilations through research on the internet and in libraries, I’ve acquired some knowledge, and I understand how the concept of sustainable development and sustainable tourism work, especially in the area of accommodation.
But this theoretical knowledge could be improved through direct contact with people actually involved in the promotion of the sustainable development, and professionals in the field of accommodation, who explained to me the real issues of the implementation of sustainable tourism as much advice and guidance on which I based the logic of my reasoning.
The rallying of knowledge and practices on land is necessary to base the analysis.
. 4.2 Mixed Method approach
. 4.3 Attitude measurement
. 4.4 Quantitative method
. 4.4.1 Questionnaire design
The number of questions is limited to 4/5 so as not to cause fatigue among stakeholders at the end of the questionnaire, especially since many of them are open-ended questions requiring a detailed answer.
The questionnaires were not worded closed to achieve a certain freedom of expression and reflection in the interviewee.
. 4.4.2 Piloting
Concerning the conduct of the interview, the semi-structured interview will begin by the standards of unstructured interviews. It will give the interviewee a setpoint more or less vague, without specifying the expected response.
Thus the interviewee present its ideas on the basis of this setpoint. This will be only at the end of the first exhibition of ideas that opinions of the interviewee are reformulated to form the desired response.
. 4.4.3 Sampling
Two types of stakeholders were interviewed for this study:
-Tourists
-Actors in sustainable tourism.
The interview of the two populations was interesting and helped lead to different views on the same point. What made the search even more rewarding.
. 4.4.4 Data collection
The collection of field data was performed based on the following interview guide.
Indeed, the interview guide was the same for both populations, so that differences of opinion are easily noticeable.
. 4.4.5 Methods of data analysis
Once the data is collected, similar data were pooled and analyzed together.
The analysis of similar data helped in detecting the differences of reasoning to demonstrate the relevance of an idea common guideline. What was even more interesting in this analysis.
. 4.5 Qualitative method
. 4.5.1 Semi-structured interviews
The semi-structured interview was specially chosen among many other research methodologies because it collects qualitative results, while putting the interviewee in the possibility of developing and guiding his assertions, thanks to freedom action that is offered during the interview.
This is because unlike the structured interview, semi-structured interview does not lock the speech of the interviewee in predefined questions, or in a closed environment.
However, it is important to prepare a service that will outline discussion guide, an outline of the topic and will be integrated into the discourse over the interviewee. The interview in a semi structured interview is more lively and authentic statements.
. 4.5.2 Interviewee selection
The interviewees are mainly tourists and hosting companies. But the selections have been made previously.
In fact, interviewed tourists are those who have a basic understanding of the sustainable development. It was not required that they are for or against the sustainable tourism, but they should at least know what a sustainable tourism as it is the main idea of all questionnaires.
Regarding the selection of accommodations have been given to those who already have a certain reputation in the promotion of sustainable tourism.
. 4.5.3 Data collection
To collect quality data, questionnaires were placed in responsible in accommodation establishments, namely the manager of the hotel, or even the person responsible for the promotion of sustainable tourism. This is because, these are the persons qualified to give accurate answers and good quality.
On data collection with tourists, it was not established specific criteria, as long as the tourist knows what sustainable tourism.
. 4.5.4 Method of data analysis
To advance safe and relevant data, the responses (including figures) made by interviewees were checked. The interviewees were still required to accompany each evidence of their claims, so as not to give false data.
And in their answers, respondents have been oriented in their responses to identify relevant information, and that while retaining their ability to analyze and display their particular cases.
. 4.6 Summary of research methods and data collection
The combination of theoretical and practical research has been of paramount importance in this study. The aim of the study was not only to collect more data, but at the same time to collect relevant data, well-founded, and who have previously been verified, ie, data quality.
Obtaining such data as is necessary because the results of the survey were used in the preparation of this study.
. Chapter Five – Results and Findings
. 5.1 Introduction
In the analysis of the current situation, two conclusions can be stated:
-The tourism sector is currently as a full global growth sector, dynamism, especially in terms of economic development.
-The tourism industry is a necessity for a large part of the population,
According to these facts, the interviews that were conducted with selected populations have highlighted the current state of the real and perceived ecotourism by these populations.
Tourists interviewed say they want to perpetuate the tourism industry, they have an incentive to contribute to the promotion of sustainable tourism to the sites, the unique richness, endemic species are all protected from exploitative abuses, and so that tourism know real development.
And the interviewee in hotels said that they draw most of their activities in the promotion of tourism, which means they must have a more pronounced environmental interest if they want to sustain their activities and ensure long-term profitability of the sector.
It was noted during interviews that all tourism players are actually aware of the effects of environmental degradation on the quality of tourism. So that their desire to establish a sustainable tourism is real. And they also said, at the same time that it is only through the full implementation of the principles of sustainable tourism activities that have the ability to know a long-term development.
In view of the above, it is now possible to say that the four objectives of this study were achieved.
. 5.2 Objective 1: To demonstrate the interdependence between sustainable development and sustainable tourism
. 5.3 Objective 2: To Define the application of the concept of sustainable development in the tourism and the hospitality industry
. 5.4 Objective 3: To Demonstrate the contribution of the sustainable tourism in all areas: economic, socio-cultural, environmental
. 5.5 Objective 4: To Trace the blocks to the internationalization of the system of sustainable tourism
. 5.6 Conclusion
Although tourism is a key economic sector for many countries and regions in the world, however, is not an independent sector other areas.
Indeed, its development depends on several other factors, primarily and principally the political factor, which the state and the government alone can master.
Thus, for example, the September 11 attacks in the United States has made significant decline in attendance of the country by tourists for a few years before the government’s effort to reassure tourists about the issue of national security could be materialized.
Also, of course, sustainable tourism should be put in place to protect against the risk of biodiversity depletion and degradation, but sustainable tourism cannot act alone to be fully effective, government support in its various areas of completion, it will be very useful.
Sustainable travel and tourism officials seem to be on the lips of all present, but its practical implementation still poses enormous problems.
In order to achieve this ultimate goal, professionals in the implementation of sustainable tourism must be able to manage both the collective consciousness of the need to preserve the environment, knowledge transfer modes of preservation practices, and maintenance management of tourist places.
Sustainable tourism will definitely be implemented once the principles of concept including acquired and applied by the whole community. As the latter is not yet convinced of the need for environmental conservation, sustainable tourism cannot be established.
Consciousness can be awakened, but once convinced to preserve the acquired environment how to realize the vision? Thus the process of promoting sustainable development should include a system of knowledge transfer and exchange of knowledge when the management of the environment, so that this theoretical schedules arising from the collective consciousness are applicable practice.
Tourist places frequented by tourists must undergo a periodic maintenance. This is because, the preservation of its beauty, splendor and wealth by a tourist raises more willingness to perpetuate this beauty, and this necessarily via the establishment of a sustainable environmental management, development implementation of sustainable tourism.
And in the realization of all these missions, any actor cannot act alone, all stakeholders must work together: the leaders of the hospitality industry, the state, tourists, …
But it is clear that the implementation of these actions to promote environmental protection seems easy and possible a priori. But the only limit and barrier to its implementation is essentially the budgetary and financial constraints.
Indeed, it is found that the concept of sustainable tourism is still an emerging concept in several countries, so that its implementation requires the implementation of several actions and in actions such as communication activities (with actors tourism on the new tourism operating modes), outreach to local populations sustainably use natural resources (including non-renewable), civic education, all of which make it mandatory deployment of financial and economic important.
But despite the difficulties of implementation, it would be true to say that the development of sustainable tourism can be as both an achievable reality.
It is feasible because the collective consciousness recognizes that tourism is a growth area, and is a pillar of economic development, so that the continuation of the activity would be a huge cost for all. And this is the part of reality in the development of the sustainable tourism, its great contributions to the economic rise of a country, the development of a region are real, such as the need for its implementation.
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